1. When to Use? Spanish si clauses, also known as conditionals or conditional sentences, are used to expresswhat could happen if some condition is met.
Si tuviera dinero, iría contigo. If I had money, I would go with you. Me escucha comosi fuerasu profesor. He listens to me asif I werehis teacher.
2. How to Form? 1) Infinitive + same endings for imperfect - endings : -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
2) Auxilary verb "haber" + past participle - haber : habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habrían
3. Two Types of Imperfect Subjunctive 2
1) Real Conditions : - one which may actually come about or at least is viewed as apossibility - the indicative is normally used both in the“if”clause and in themain part of the sentence
Siella vienemañana, iremos al cine. If she comes tomorrow, we will go to the movies.
Si nievamucho, podré esquiar. If it snows a lot, I can ski.
2) Unreal Conditions : - one which will not come about or is viewed as being completelyhypothetical. - the “if” clause in normally in apast subjunctive tense, and the main verb is in a conditional tense.
a) Present or Future time situations Siyo fuerarico compraría un coche. If I wererich, I would buy a car. ¿Qué harías si fueras presidente? What would you doif you werepresident? b) Past time situations
Si lahubiera visto, habría dicho algo. If I had seenher, I would have said something. Si hubieras venido, te habrías divertido mucho. If you had come, you would have had a great time.
1. When to Use? 1) Express subjectivity in the past after the same verbs, impersonal expressions, and conjunctions as the present subjunctive.
*For the imperfect subjunctive to be needed, the verb in the main clause has to be in one of the following tenses/moods: preterite, imperfect, conditional, or pluperfect.
Quería que lo hicieras. I wanted you to do it.
Fue una lástima que no pudiera venir. It was too bad that he couldn't come.
Yo iría al banco para que tuviéramos dinero. I would go to the bank so that we'd have money.
2. Make a very polite request or suggestion (only with the verbs deber, poder, and querer).
Quisiera dos libros, por favor. I'd like two books, please.
¿Pudiera Ud. ayudarnos? Could you (possibly) help us?
1. When to Use? - the conditional is used to express probability, possibility,wonderor conjecture, and is usually translated aswould, could, must haveorprobably
1) To express speculations about the past 2) To express the future from the perspective of the past 3) To express hypothetical actions or events which may or may not occur 4) To indicate what would happen were it not for some certain specific circumstance 5) For polite use to soften requests 6) To ask for advice 7) For reported speech 8) To express what would be done in a particular situation
2. How to Form? - To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of the following to the infintive: ía íamos ías ía ían
ex. El alumno dijo queestudiaríauna hora más. - The student said that hewould studyone more hour. ¿Qué horasería? - What timecould it have been? Estaríaen su casa. - Hemust have beenat home.
3. Irregulars :The same twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense are also irregular in the conditional tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change in the same way they change in the future tense.
ex. caber - yo cabría poner - yo pondría decir - yo diría haber - yo habría salir - yo saldría hacer - yo haría poder - yo podría tener - yo tendría querer - yo querría valer - yo valdría saber - yo sabría venir - yo vendría
1. Definition : Nosotros commands are the equivalent of Let's plus a verb in English, for example, Let's dance!. In Spanish, they may be expressed in two ways, using the vamos a + infinitive construction or the subjunctive.
* Remember that as with all command forms, negatives are based on the subjunctive and object pronouns are attached to the end of affirmative forms.
2. The Vamos a + infinitive construction : In the affirmative form theVamos a + infinitiveconstruction has two meanings.
For example, Vamos a bailar can meanWe are going to dance(or We will dance), as well asLet's dance, depending on the context or the intent of the speaker.
¡Vamos a divertirnos! Let's have some fun! ¡Vámonos! Let's leave/beat it/get out of here! No vayamos a almorzar ahora. Let's not eat lunch now. !No nos vayamos! Let's not leave
3. The use of the present subjunctive for nosotros commands:
The first-person plural forms of thepresent subjunctivecan be used to expressboth affirmative and negative nosotros commands, that is, the equivalent of Let's + verb.
Remember that:
1) ifobject pronounsare used, they must beattached to the end of affirmative commands, and this will always require a writtenaccent in the nosotros forms.
2) the first s of the affirmative reflexive ending is lost, that is-mosnosbecomes-monosas in ¡Durmámonos! (Let's go to sleep!)
3) when se is attached to the end of an affirmative command, the resulting ss is reduced to s (¡Mandémoselo!, Let's send it to him/her/them! [not ¡Mandémosselo!]
¡Hablemos de otra cosa! Let's talk about something else! ¡Comamos afuera esta noche! Let's eat out tonight! ¡Vivamos en paz! Let's live en peace! ¡No se lo digamos! Let's not tell (it to) him/her/them! ¡Sentémonos! Let's sit down! ¡Démoselo! Let's give it to him/her/them!
4. How to form Nosotros commands :
1) Yo form -"0" + opposite ending - For AR verbs, Use e/es/e/emos/en endings. - For ER/IR verbs, Use a/as/a/amos/an endings.
2)Exceptions : a) AR/ER verbs have no stem-change in the nosotros command form. b) IR verbs have a special stem-change in the nosotros command form. * 0 - u * e - i c) IRREGULAR verbs * Ir Vamos * Ser Seamos
1. When to Use? - to describeemotionanduncertainty.
2. How to Form? step 1) Start with theyo formof the present indicative. step 2)Dropthe -oending. step 3)Addthe followingendings: -AR verbs: -ER/IR verbs: -e -emos -a -amos -es -as -e -en -a -an
ex. Dudo que ustedvaya al Perú en diciembre. - I doubt that youare goingto Peru in December.
3. Trigger words that Subjunctive is NOT used : creer que ... to believe that ... no dudar que ... to not doubt that ... es cierto que ... it is certain that ... es claro que ... it is clear that ... es evidente que ... it is certain that ... es obvio que ... it is obvious that ... estar seguro que ... to be sure that ... es verdad que ... it is true that ... no cabe duda que ... there's no doubt that ... no es dudoso que ... it is not doubtful that ... no hay duda que ... there is no doubt that ...
1. When to Use? - to describewhat will have happenedin the future before a different action takes place, or by a specific time.
2. How to Form? 1) haber + past participles - haber conjugations : habré habrás habrá habremos habréis habrán 2) Irregular past participles are the same as those used in other perfect tenses. (go back to to other perfect tenses to look for irregular past participles)
3) The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. * Order: "no" + "object pronouns" + auxiliary verb ex. (yo)Nohabrécomido - Iwill not have eaten. Pablole habrádado un regalo a sus esposa - Pablo will have given a gift to his wife. Pablono lehabrádado ningún regalo a sus esposa - Pablowill not havegiven a gift tohis wife.
1) Indicatefuture time. ex. Saldremos para Madrid. we will leave for Madrid. El lunes iré al hospital. I'll go to the hospital on Monday.
2) Indicateconjecture or probability in the present time. ex. Estará en casa. She is probably at home. ¿Qué hora es? What time is it? Serán las ocho. It is probably 8:00.
3) Command (rare case). ex. No matarás. Thou shalt not kill.
2. How to Form? 1) IR a + infinitive. ex. ¿Vas aestudiar?Are you going tostudy? Novoy ahacer nada.I'mnotgoing to do anything.
ex. Enrique nos dirá la verdad. Enrique will tell us the truth. ¿Quiénes vendrán conmigo? Who will come with me? Pondré la mesa en seguida. I'll set the table right away.
A. Definition : - action or situation thatmay have occurred before the action in the main verb. - the present perfect subjunctive can be used to expressemotionoruncertainty.
B. Forms :
- present subjunctive conjugation ofhaber + the past participle - and can be indicated by the presence of "que"
* past participles for present perfect subjunctive are the same as the past participles used for other tenses, even the irregular ones.
abrir - abierto resolver- resuelto decir - dicho romper - roto escribir - escrito ser - sido morir - muerto v er - visto poner - puesto
5) Place negative words, object pronouns, and reflexive pronounsbeforethe "haber".
ex)Nohancomido - They have not eaten. Pablolehadado mucho dinero a su hermana - Pablo has given a lot of money to his sister. Mehecepillado los dientes - I have brushed my teeth.
Hi My name is Jin Young Kim, but I simply just go by Jin. I like active acitivies like sports, traveling, hanging out with people. I am planning to go to University of Georgia this following fall, 2010. I hope you enjoy my blog!
